Back-pedaling brake.



Patented Nov. I8, i902.

W. H. BREWSTER.

BACK PEDALING BRAKE.

(Application filed Sept. 24, 1898.)

3 Sheets-Sheet I.

(No Model.)

l l l JNVEN T 01g W'ILLUIM H. E

V/ZTTNES sLs CM WM No. 7I3,594. Patnted Nov. I8, 1902.

W. H. BREWSTER.

BACK PEDLING BRAKE.

(Application led Sept. 24, 1898.) (Nro Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

No. 713,594. Patented Nov. la, ,1902;l

w. H. BnEwsTEn.

BACK PEDALING BRAKE.

(Application led Sept. 24, 1898.)

(No Model.) K 3 Sheeis-Sheei 3,

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Nrrnn .Freres vntrnNfr' OFFICE.

WlLLIAH H. BREWSTER, OF UTICA, NEW YORK.

BCK=PEDALING BRAKE.

SPECIFICATIGN forming part of Letters Patent No. 71 31,594, datedNovember 18, 1902.

Application filed September 24, 1898. Serial No. 691,783. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom, it' rita/y concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM H. BRnwsTER, a citizen of the United Statesof America, and a resident of Utica, Oneida county, New York, haveinvented certain new and useful linprovements in Back Pedaling Brakes,of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to an improvement in bicycles or other wheeledvehicles; and it consists in the combination of mechanism by means ofwhich the driving-wheel can be locked and unlocked from the hub, so thatwhen propelling power is applied to the bicycle or other vehicle thedriving-sprocket or gear-wheel is held stationary on the hub and whenthe driving power is not applied the wheel is allowed to travel, leavingthe sprocket or gear loose on the hub, and by reversing the applicationof the power the momentum of the wheel or vehicle is controlled orstopped by producing friction engagement of the parts.

My invention further consists in the novel combination and arrangementof parts by which the general purposes here expressed are accomplished.

In the drawings, Figure 1 represents a side view of a bicycle wheel andframe, portions being broken and removed. Fig. 2 is a view taken fromthe right of Fig. 1, the frame portions being removed. Fig. 3 is alongitudinal sectional view of Fig. l, the frame being removed, showingthe position of the parts when the bicycle or vehicle is used forcoasting or braking. Fig. 3 is a sectional view corresponding to Fig. 3,showing the outer abutment or nut integral with the ring which engagesthe sprocket-wheel or driving member. Fig. 4 is the same view as Fig. 3,showing the position of the parts when the bicycle or vehicle is beingdriven forward by the power. Fig. 5 is a side or persective View of theinside disk provided with an annular opening and cams surrounding theopening. Fig. 6 is a side or partially perspective view of a sprockethaving a central opening for the hub with cams projecting into theopening. Fig. 7 is a side or partially perspective view of the reverseside of Fig. 6. Fig. S is a side rounding the opening.

perspective View of friction-ring. Fig. 10 is a partial view of thehub-shoulder. Fig. 11 is a view of my invention looking down on thesame, the dust-cap being removed and a portion of the sprocket beingshown in dotted lines and a portion removed, leaving the cams to beshown in section-lines, the nut also being shown in section. Fig. 12 isthe same view as Fig. 11, differing onlyin the location of the parts,which are shown in the position which they assume when the bicycle orvehicle is running forward without the application of power. Fig. 13 isthe same view as Fig. 11, differing only in the relative location of theparts which they assume when the bicycle or vehicle is being operated onby friction to either control the speed or to bring the same to a stop.Fig. 14 isa transverse crosssection showing certain parts of a bicycle,by means of which arrangement it is possible to either propel thebicycle in a forward direction or permit it to coast. Fig. 15 is acrosssection on dotted lines of Fig. 16. Fig. 16 is a plan view of theinside disk. Fig. 17 is a section view on dotted lines in Fig. 1S. Fig.1S is a plan view of the sprocket. Fig. 19 is a transverse cross-sectionof certain parts of a bicycle, by means of which arrangement of partsthe bicycle can be either propelled in a forward direction, permitted tocoast, or be controlled in its speedor brought to a stop. Fig. 2O is asection of a sprocket on dotted lines of Fig. 21. Fig. 21 is a plan viewof the sprocket. Fig. 22 is a section of the ring, taken on dotted linesin Fig. 23. Fig. 23 is a plan view of the ring. Fig. 24 is a plan viewof the outside disk. Fig. 25 is a cross-section of Fig. 24. Figs. 1-1,15, 16,17, and 18 represent the parts employed for driving the bicycleor for loosening the power and allowing the bicycle to coast, whileFigs. 19 to 25, inclusive, represent modified constructions which can beoperated to drive the bicycle by the propelling power through the mediumof the sprocket, and by loosening the power the wheel is free to coast,the power.remain ing neutral, and by back-pedaling the speed of thewheel can be regulated or stopped at the will of the operator.

Similar characters refer to corresponding parts in the several views.

I will now proceed to describe the mechanical details of the mechanismemployed by me in the best form in which I have up to date practiced myinvention. In doing so, however, I do not intend to limit myself to theprecise form and shape of the mechanism illustrated in the severaliigures of the drawings, because it should be borne in mind that theprinciples of mechanism embodied in my invention admit of changeswithout departing from the spirit of my invention.

The invention as practiced by me can be readily applied to any bicyclewhere the sprocket is not made integral with the hub.

Thehub 5, Figs. 2, 3, and 4, is a Well-known construction and isprovided with the usual flanges for connecting the hub and the rim ofthe wheel, which it is not necessary to describe, as they are of commonform. The frame portions or sections shown in Fig. 1 are of commonwell-known form and need no further description. In the drawings I showthe hub-shoulder, as illustrated in Fig. 10, in a separate piece. Thishub-shoulder is applied to the periphery of the hub and occupiessubstantially the saine position that the sprocket does on the ordinarybicycle. The hub-shoulder has a broad face 2 and a projecting collar 3,extending from the face of the disk outwardly, the collar forming anopening through which the hub is inserted, the collar being provided onthe inside with screw-threads 4, which engage correspondingscrew-threads on the hub, and when applied to the hub is screwed thereonfirmly and is so held that the same rotates with the hub, as bestillustrated in Figs. 3 and 4. The end of hub 5, Figs. 3 and 4, isprovided at its outer end with screw-threads 6, which hold thehubshoulderin position on the hub. Forpreventing the hub-shoulder fromworking loose on the hub I provide lock-shoulder 7 on the inside of thecollar, as illustrated in Figs. 3, 4, and 10, which receives lock-nut S,(best illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4.) the parts beingscrewthreaded toform a lock-nut,7 so called. The screw-thread on the inside of thelock-nut is illustrated at 9 in Figs. 3 and 4 and is of ordinary andwell-known construction.

It should he borne in mind that the hubshoulder and lock-nut can beformed separately and brazed as a part of the hub, although inmanufacture this would not probably be done, and it is equally obviousthat the hub-shoulder can be made integral with the hub and the lock-nutdispensed with. In the event of the hub-shoulder being formed integralwith the hub it may be used as a spoke-flange.

Hub 5 is provided with a longitudinal opening 1l. (Illustrated in Figs.3and 4.) Through this longitudinal opening the axle 12 is inserted. Thedescription thus far relates to the best mode of construction which Ihave adopted and used in practicing my invention.

On collar 3 of hub-shoulder 1 I place inside disk 13, Fig. 5, the backof disk 13 being fiat and made to register with flange 2 of Fig. 10.

The two surfaces under certain conditions act as friction-surfaces andunder certain other conditions are free to run loose out of frictionengagement. The inside disk has an annular ange surrounded by threeprojecting cams 14 14 14, Fig. 5, also partially shown in Figs. 3 and 4.The cam-surfaces are inclined or Wedge-shaped faces with shoulders 14*14a 14a. On the face of the inner disk 13 I have provided rabbeted face15, producingshoulder 16, in order to give more lateral clearance to thedriving-chain. This feature, however, may be omitted and the parts soconstructed as to obviate the necessity of making this rabbeted surface.I also provide sprocket 17. (Illustrated in Figs. 6 and 7 and shown -inpart in several of the other figures.) In the center of the sprocket isan annular opening which permits it to run loose on the hub, which inthis instance is collar 3 ot' Fig. 10. In the annular openingIprovidethree cams, each cam having two separate cam-faces onoppositely-disposed sides. In this instance the cams are shownseparated. This, however, is only for convenience in manu facture. Theoppositely-disposed camfaces are illustrated in Figs. 6 and 7 and arenumbered, respectively, 18 18 18, 19 19 19. I provide cam-shoulders ineach set of cams 18a 18 18a, 19a 19a 19a. These cams are practically thesame width throughout their length, but are placed so that they forminclines with reference to the plane of the face of the disk. In Fig. 6at 18" I have rabbeted slightly the ends of these cams to receive thering 20, Fig. 9. The ring on one of its faces ts into the rabbetedsurfaces on the cam in the sprocket, the rabbeted surface being providedin order to give more wearing-surface. The ring 2O is placed over collar3 of Fig. 10 and is shown in cross-section in Figs. 3 and4 and isinterposed between the rabbeted cams on the sprocket and the jam-nut.

The sprocket illustrated in Fig. 7 is placed on the hub, but in thisinstance on collar 3 of hub-shoulder 1, (illustrated in Fig. 10,) andthe ring 2O (illustrated in Fig. 9) is placed on the hub, which in thisinstance is on the collar 3 of hub-shoulder 1 of Fig. 10. The ring restsin the rabbeted shoulders 18h 18b 1Sb on the cams of the sprocket, asshown in Fig. 6. I then provide outside disk 22, (illustrated in Fig.8,) which has a flat face 23 on the reverse side. This outside disk hasan annular opening similar to that shown in Fig. 5, it, however, beingsufciently large in size to allow ring 2O to iit and pass inside of theopening. Surrounding the annular opening in disk 22, Fig. 8, I providethree inclined face-cams (in this instance indicated by 24 24 24) withshoulders 24a 24u 241. The cams taper wedge shape from the lowest to thehighest point and are provided to register with the cams on the frontface of Fig. 6. The cams on inside disk, Fig. 5, are made to registerwith the cam-faces on the sprocket, as illustrated in Fig. '7. The face23 of out- IOD IIO

side disk runs in or out of contact with stationary plate 25.(Illustrated in section-lin es in Figs. Il, l2, and I3 and alsopartially shown in Fig. l and shown in section-lines in Figs. 3 and 4.)This stationary plate is provided with an annular opening, which in thisinstance vis sufficiently large to iit on collar 3 of hub-shoulder I,Fig. IO, and to admit between them ring 20, Fig. 9, and is held fromrotation by its end being connected at 27, Fig. l, to the arm of frame2S; but it is obvious that this may be held in any other manner fromrotating with the hub. I then place screw-threaded collar or nut 30,best illustrated in Figs. Il, l2, and 13, also shown in cross -sectionin Figs. 3 and 4. This nut screws onto the outer end of collar3 ofhubshoulder l. (Illustrated in Fig. 10.) I do not, however, confinemyself to simply screwoutside washer o sufdcientl illustrated in.

Fig. 3. These washers may be made of metal or fibrous substance or maybe omitted; but I have found it desirable to use fibrous material totake the wear which would otherwise be on the friction-surfaces of theoutside and inside disks. I next provide dust-cap (Illustrated in Figs.3 and 4 and seen in side View in Fig. l.) This dust-cap is provided withan annular opening to admit through it the aXle or bearing of the wheeland is arranged to t over the parts nicely and is held in place, beingclamped between cone 34 and washer 33t. In the drawings I have notillustrated the mode of applying power to the sprocket. It may, however,be applied by the ordinary bicycle-chain, or it might be a belt or cableor any other means of transmitting power to what I term the sprocket inthis instance.

I do not limit myself to the employment of a sprocket-wheel rotarydriving member, as other forms of rotary driving means can be employed.

Having described the construction of the mechanism employed in myinvention, I will now proceed to describe its operation. When thesprocket is driven forward by the ordinary power applied, cams I9 I9 I9(shown in Fig. '7) are in contact with cams I4 I4 I4 on inside disk I3.Ring 2O abuts upon the reverse side of cams 19 19 l), resting againstthe rabbeted surfaces 13b 18b 13b, and the opposite edge of the ringabuts against nut30. (I should, however, here mention that this ring andthe nut may be formed in one piece (see Fig. 3a) or connected by anyproper means for uniting the two, and in this instance liangcd nut 30would run in contact with the rabbeted grooves ISD 1S 18h.) However, Ido not wish tolimit my invention to the means shown for limiting the endthrust of the rotary driving member, as other devices and arrangementscan be employed for this purpose where desirable or necessary.

By the operation of the parts the sprocket is locked with the hub androtates with it, and through locking of the parts the bicycle is drivenforward by moving the pedals or other connecting power. If the operatordesires to disconnect the power and allow the bicycle to coast,he stopsthe pedals,and thereby the sprocket in its movement is stopped, and theforward movement of the wheel-rotates the inner disk 13, which movescams 14 14 14 out of engagement and brings shoulders 142L 14 14a intoengagement with shoulders 19 19a 19a of the sprocket, which leaves thebicycle free to go forward by its own momentum without operating thepedals or power.

For controlling the bicycle and applying friction to control its speedor to bring the same to a halt the operator reverses the movement of thepedals or power, which moves the sprocket backward, the stationary plate25 being held from rotating. Outside disk 22, Fig. S, on its plane face23, through the operation of the Itwo faces being brought intofrictional contact, is stopped in its rotating, and cams 24 24 24 aremoved into engagement with the cams I8 18 18 on the sprocket, and by theoperation of the double-face cams on the sprocket it is controlled orheld between the outer and inner disks. By this operation sufiicientfriction to retard or bring the bicycle to a complete stop can beapplied. The cam-shoulders 24a 24a 24a on outside disk 22, Fig. 8, arein engagement with cam-shoulders 18a I8a 18a, Fig. 6. The parts are thenin position for driving the bicycle forward by the application of poweron the sprocket. When the pedals are stopped, the momentum of theoutside disk carries it forward sufficient to unlock the engagingshoulders. In this position the bicycle will be coasting. Byback-pedaling the cam-faces on the outer disk and on the sprocket arebrought into frictional engagement, and the back pressure on the pedalswill determine the speed of the bicycle or bring it to a comeplete stop,depending on the power applied.

Vhen shoulders 24a 24u 24a and shoulders 18a 18 13a are separated, thebraking power is applied for cont-rolling or stopping the forwardmovement of the bicycle. By this arrangement of parts no extra pressureis brought upon the ball-bearings or upon the journal upon which the hubruns, and this invention may be applied to any bicycle where thesprocket is made in the hub. The location and arrangement of the outsidedisks may be reversed.

In the drawings, Figs. 14 to I8, inclusive, illustrate mechanism by theuse of which the bicycle can be driven forward or used for coastingpurposes without the working power.

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In the construction illustrated in Figs. 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 the hubor rotary driven member is provided with the annular iiange or shoulder1, rigid therewith and having the friction-clutch face. 17 is the rotarydriving member, loosely mounted on the driven member and limited in endthrust by the nut or collar 30, screwed onto the hub or driven memberand having a iange extending inwardly and engaging the outer end of thedriving member. A friction-clutch mechanism is provided between thedriving member and the driven member, arranged to lock the drivingmember to the driven member when the drivingr member is rotatedforwardly and to release the driving member from the driven member andpermit independent forward rotation of the driven member when thedriving member is moved backward or its forward rotation is suddenly orforcibly retarded or stopped. Various mechanisms can be provided forthis purpose. Forinstance, in said figures of the drawings I show theclutch mechanism comprising said friction clutch face of the drivenmember and a corresponding friction-clutch face moving with the drivingmember. In this instance the drivingmember clutch-face is carried by theplate or disk 14 loose on the driven member and movable laterallybetween flange 1 and the sprocket (driving member) 17 and having theend-thrust-producing shouldered wedge camfaces 14 14, before described,coperating with the corresponding Oppositely-inclinedend-thrust-producing shouldered cam-faces 19 19a of the sprocket, ashereinbefore described. Vhen the driving member rotates forwardly, thenut 8O forms the abutment therefor or resists the end thrust thereof,and the opposite wedge-faces 19 14 lock the clutchfaces together, andconsequently lock the driving member to the driven member. W'h'eu duringthe forward rotation of the parts the driving member is stopped orretarded, the cam-faces 14 19 travel back onpeach other and relieve theend thrust or lateral or eX- panding pressure, which locks theclutchfaces together, and thus releases the driving member and itsclutch-face 13 from the driven member, permitting the independentforward rotation of the driven member.

In Figs. 19 to 25, inclusive, I illustrate the best system of mechanismfor performing the three functions-first, to drive the bicycle; second,to disconnect the power and leave the pedals stationary while thebicycle goes forward, and, third, by back-pedaling the speed ofthebicycle can be controlled or brought to a stop at the will ot' theoperator. In this instance the inside face 17, Fig. 19, of the sprocket(shown in two parts, but which can be made in one piece) 17, Figs. 19,20, and 21, is mounted loosely on the hub to run in close contact withthe shouldered flange 2, Fig. 10, which prevents the sprocket frominward thrust on the hub. The incline face-cams are placed on the outervertical surface of the 'nasce sprocket, the incline in each series ofcams being in opposite direction. The duplicate cam-faces 18 18 18 and18b 18b 18h, Fig. 21, project from the vertical face of the sprocket.This sprocket is mounted loosely on the hub. I next place on the hubring 20, Fig. 23. The inner face or edge ot the ring is provided withincline cams 20, which register with the cam on the sprocket 18 18 18,Fig. 21. These incline cams have shoulders 20h, Fig. 22, which engageshoulders 18a 18a 18a on sprocket 17, the ring fitting loosely over thehub. Over this ring is fitted outside disk 22, Fig. 2t, which isprovided on its vertical face with incline cams 241, Fig. 25, providedwith shoulders 2&2, Fig. 25, which register with the incline cams 18h18b 18h, Fig. 21, and form the outer circle of cams on the sprocket,Fig. 21. The shoulders 24, Figs. 24 and 25, e11- gage shoulders 18c 18C18C. These shoulders come practically in contact or close to contactunder the varying conditions of the parts; but when the parts arereversed the incline faces of the cam travel upon each other, and thusproduce the requisite friction to'perform the functions heretoforeexplained. In this construction the ring has to run loose on the hubwhen the frictional surfaces just described engage each other. Thesprocket is held from inward thrust by the mechanism heretoforedescribed, and the outward thrust of the disk, running in contact withthe stationary plate 25, Fig. 19, is held from outward thrust by jam-nut30, or it may be held in any other manner.

It is obvious that the sprocket and disk may be reversed in theirlocation, so that the vertical face of the sprocket, carrying theduplicate cams, may be turned inward and made to register with cams onsuitable disk.

I do not wish to limit my invention to having the friction-clutch faceor surface which rotates with the driving member and opposes thecorresponding clutch-face of the driven member loose or separate withrespect to the driving member, for, as illustrated in Figs. 19 to 25,inclusive, t-he cam-faces which cause the lateral clutch-applying thrustor pressn re can be carried by other elements than the disk or plate 13and can be located on the opposite side of the driving member from theplate 13. Also I do not wish to restrict myself to the exact locationand arrangement of the cam-faces or other end-thrust-producing devices,nor to the exact arrangement and location of the clutch and brake faces,nor to the construction of Figs. 3 and it, where both of saidfriction-faces controlled by the driving member are formed by plates ordisks separate from said member. In the specific constructionillustrated in said lastmentioned figures of the drawings it might benoted that when the driving member is driven forward the clutch-applyingend or lateral thrust is received by the cam-faces of the ring 20, andthe cam-faces which act on the braking-face are inactive or dormant.When IOO IIO

the driving member is retarded and stopped, all of the cam-faces assumetheir dormant or inactive positions, and there is practically no endthrust orpressure on the brake and clutch members or faces, andconsequently the driven member is free to -rotate forwardlyindependently of said driving, brake, and clutch mechanism looselylocated on the driven member. If, however, the driving member is turnedbackwardly, the cam devices, acting on the braking-face, are immediatelybrought into action andthe clutch, brake, and driving mechanism isexpanded to force both the brake and clutch faces against theirrespective opposing faces secured to the frameand driven member,respectively. Nhile this braking action is taking place, the ring 2O inthe construction of said figures does not form the abutment, as it doeswhen the clutch only is acting; but, in edect, the cam-facesof the disk22 constitute the abutment to causethe lateral expansion in bothdirections of the driving, brake,and clutch mechanism (comprising thedisks 13 and 22 and the sprocket) between and against clutch-face 2 ofthe hub and brake-face 25 of the frame. 'Vhen the driving member isrotating forwardly with the driven member, said driving, brake, andclutch mechanism is expanded in one direction only-viz., the clutch facethereof is driven against the clutch-face of the driven member, and thering 2O forms the abutment, and there is no expanding or lateralpressure or end thrust against the brake-face of said mechanism.

The abutment or device to receive the end thrust when the clutch isapplied can be arranged in various ways and of various constructionsother than those shown in the examples illustrated. Also variousarrangements of cam devices can be employed under the control of a loosedriving member to release or cause the lateral expansions or endthrusts, which apply a clutch-face or both the clutch and brake faces.

In the braking or the clutching operations of the devices described nostrain is exerted on the hub-bearings, for the reason that the strain,thrust, or pressure created in both the clutching and braking actions isin opposite directions against two surfaces or faces, both fixed to thehub, and is thus equalized, so far as the hub-bearings are concerned.For instance, in the construction shown in Figs. and 4 when the drivingmember is locked to the hub and is driving the same forwardly the thrustin one direction is against the shoulder l, rigid with the hub, and thethrust in the opposite direction is against the shoulder 30, also rigidwith the hub. During the braking operation when the hub is rotatingforwardly independently of the driving member the thrust in oppositedirectionsis against the same parts rigid with the hub-viz., shoulder30, formed by the nut or ring screwed on the hub and shoulder l. Duringthis braking operation the thrust or pressure in one direction isagainst the non-rotary plate or member 25; but said shoulder 30 forms anabutment for said plate 25 either through the medium of or without theinterposed disk or washer abutting against the said plate and shoulderand located between them. In fact, it might be said that the operativeparts of the device, or parts mounted independently or loosely withrespect to the hub, are located between two shoulders, abutments, orfriction-surfaces rigid with the hub, which are opposed by two surfacesincluded within said before-mentioned operative parts.

Myinvention broadly comprises a coasterbrake embodying a non-rotarybrake member and devices controlled by the forward rotation of thedriving member, loosely mounted with respect to the driven member tocause the driving of the driven member by the driving member, andwherein the retarding of the forward rotation of the driving memberpermits the independent forward rotation of the driven member andwherein the backward or reverse movement of the driving member causessuch cooperation between said brake member and a surface moving with thedriven member as to retard or brake the forward rotation of the drivenmember.

Although I do not wish to limit the broad feature of my invention toshouldered cams, yet the term shouldered is employed in certain claimsin its broadest sense whatever the construction of devices may be whichare employed to exert the thrust in applying the brake or in locking thedriving member to the driven member'. Said term is employed in a broadsense to imply-for instance,where a cam orinclined surface isemployed-that means are provided to hold or confine the opposing memberor element in propel' relative position when the thrust, whether lateralor otherwise, is relieved, whereby when the driving member is moved inone direction a certain cam device will exert thrust; but when saidmember is moved in the opposite direction said cam device will not exertthrust, but will maintain its opposing element in the proper relativeposition for the application of thrust on the reverse movement ofthedriving member.

From the description already given it is apparent that the incline facesof the cams with the friction on the parts will bring themselves intoengagement automatically when power is applied by driving the bicycleforward, thatwhen the power is stopped and the pedals brought to a restthe momentum of the bicycle will free the parts and allow the bicycle tocoast, and by back-pedaling the speed can be controlled when the bicycleis brought to a stop, depending upon the will of the operator. All theseinterlocking movements are automatic. For accomplishing the threepurposes heretofore enumerated the essential elements to perform theseoperations consist of the loosely-mounted sprocket, having incline camson one or both of its faces, in

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combination with the other mechanism already pointed out and shown.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. In combination, in a back pedaling brake, a shouldered hub, an innerlooselymounted disk having wedge-shaped shouldered cams on its verticalface, a looselymounted sprocket having wedge shaped shouldered cams onits vertical face registering with said shouldered cams of the disk,adjustable means holding the sprocket against outward thrust, anon-rotary member, a rotary brake-face opposing the same, and mechanismactuated by the reverse movement of said sprocket to brake theindependent forward rotation of said hub, substantially as described.

2. The combination of a hub, a collar secured thereon and provided witha dange, a disk loosely mounted on the collar and opposing said iiangeand provided with camfaces on its vertical face, a rotary driving memberloose on the collar and provided with cam-faces on its vertical facecorresponding to and registering with said cam-faces of the disk, and ajam-nut limiting the end thrust of said driving member, substantially asdescribed.

3. In combination, a hub having a threaded portion, aninternally-threaded collar on said threaded portion of the hub, a nutscrewed on the hub to lock said collar, said collar having a flange atits inner portion and externally threaded at its outer portion, a rotarydriving member loose on the collar, a nut on said external threadedportion of the collar limiting the end thrust of the driving member, afriction-clutch mechanism for locking said driving member and flange torotate forwardly together and to release the same by backward movementof the driving member and permit independent forward rotation of thehub, substantially as described.

4. In combination, in a back pedaling brake, a rotary drivenmemberhaving afriction-clutch surface and an abutment rotatingtherewith, a rotary driving member loosely mounted with respect to saiddriven member, means receiving the end thrust of said driving member, afriction-clutch surface opposing said surface of the driven member andadapted to move into and out of locking engagement therewith, a brakemechanism between the driving member and the driven member and includinga non-rotary member and said abutment and actuated by thereversemovement of the driving member, said driving member having an inclinedor wedge cam-face with a shouldered end, and a member having acorresponding registering camface with a shouldered end, substantiallyas described.

5. In a device of the character described,the combination of a rotarydriven member having a clutch-surface, a rotary driving member for andloosely mounted with respect to said driven member to permit theindependent forward rotation thereof, means to receive the end thrust ofsaid driving member, a clutchsurface opposing said driven-memberclutchsu rface and loosely mounted with respect thereto, mechanismcontrolled by the movement of said driving member and controlling theend thrust on said opposing clutch-surface to lock the driving member toand release it from said driven member, and a brake mechanism betweenthe driven and driving member and applied by the reverse movement of thedriving member and comprising a non-rotary member, substantially asdescribed.

6. In combination, a rotary driven member, a rotary driving member forand loosely mounted with respect to the driven member to permitindependent forward rotation thereof, a clutch mechanism adapted to lockthe driving member to the driven member on the forward rotation of thedriving member, and comprising a cam device exerting thrust to lock saiddriving and driven members together, and controlled by the forwardmovement of said driving member to eXert said thrust and by the stoppingof said driving member to release said thrust and permit the independentforward rotation of said driven member, a non-rotary element, and anelement cooperating therewith and rotating with the driving member, andmeans receiving the end thrust of the driving member, substantially asdescribed.

7. In combination, a rotary driven member having a clutch-surface rigidtherewith, a rotary driving member for and loosely mounted on the drivenmember to permit the independent forward rotation thereof, a rotaryclutch-surface independently mounted with respect to the driving memberand arranged beside said clutch surface of the driven member, meansreceiving the end thrust of the driving member, a brake mechanismcomprising a non-rotary member and a cooperating braking-face, saidbrake controlled by the reverse movement of the driving member, and camdevices arranged on a vertical face of said driving member andcontrolled by the movement thereof to exert end pressure to hold saidclutch-surfaces together, locking the driving member to the drivenmember on the forward rotation of the driving member, and to releasesaid end pressure and permit the independent forward rotation of thedriven member' when the forward rotation of the driving member isstopped or retarded, substantially as described.

8. In combination, a hub having a shoulder rigid therewith, a clutchsurface loosely mounted on the hub beside and movable laterally to andfrom said shoulder,a rotary driving member for and loosely mounted onthe hub to permit the independent forward rotation thereof, saidclutch-surface located between said member and said shoulder, meansresisting end thrust of said member, a brake IIO mechanism on said huband comprising a non-rotary member,a cooperating rotary member andcontrollinf..r devices thrown into operation by the reverse movement ofthe driving member, and shouldered wedging cam devices creating andrelieving end thrust on said clutch-surface to apply and release thesame from said shoulder and controlled and actuated by the forwardrotation and stopping of said driving member, substantially asdescribed.

y9. In combination, a hub having a clutchsboulder, a rotary drivingmember loosely mounted on the hub to permit the independent forwardrotation thereof, means on the hub receiving the end thrust of saidmember in one direction, a braking mechanism comprising a non-rotarymember and a coperating element, and controlling devices actuated by thereverse movement to relieve said means of end thrust and apply the brakeunder end thrust, a loosely-mounted clutchdisk on the hub between theshoulder and member and movable under end thrust to and from saidshoulder', and clutch-disk setting and releasing wedging cam devicescontrolled by the forward rotation and stoppingof said mem ber andcomprising shouldered cams on a vertical face of said member andcooperating elements acting therewith to produce and relieve the endthrust to loclr the driving member to and release it from said hub,substantially as described.

l0. In a coaster and back-pedaling brake, the combination of a frame, ahub having a friction-clutch face, a non-rotatable plate secured to theframe and having an opening loosely receiving the hub, a rotary drivingmem ber loosely mounted with respect to the hub to permit theindependent forward rotation thereof, a brake-surface loosely mountedwith respect to the hub and beside a movable under end thrust to saidplate, a clutch-surface loosely mounted with respect to the hub andbeside and movable under end thrust to said friction-clutch face, meansreceiving the end thrust of said member, and end-thrustexertingshouldered cam devices controlled b v the forward and backward movementand stopping of said member and exerting and releasing end thrust onsaid surfaces, substantially as described.

ll. In combination, a hub having a flange forming a friction-clutchface, a rotary driving member loosely mounted with respect to the hub,means receiving the end thrust in one direction of said member, brakemechanism comprising cooperating brake members, one of which is fixed,and controlling devices actuated by the reverse movement of the drivingmember to exert brake applying thrust on said brake members, africtionclutch surface beside said flange and movable under end thrustto said flange to lock the driving member to the ange, and anendthrust-exerting cam device controlling said tion of said member toapply said end thrust to lock the member to the hub and by the stoppingof said member to release said end thrust and permit independent forwardrotation of the hub, substantially as described.

l2. In combination, a frame, a non-rotary brake-surface carried thereby,a rotary driven memberhaving a clutch-surface, a rotary driving-brakeand clutch mechanism loosely mounted with respect to the driven memberto permit the independent forward rotation thereof and arranged betweensaid non-rotary brake-surface and said clutch-surface of the drivenmember, and comprising a rotary driving member, clutch and brakesurfaces loosely mounted and independently laterally movable under endthrust with respect to each other, and shouldered end-thrust-producingdevices controlled by the forward and backward movements and stopping ofsaid driving member and controlling the end thrust of said clutch andbrake surfaces, and end-thrust-receiving means, substantially asdescribed.

13. In a device of the character described, the combination of a frame,a non -rotary brake surface contined thereto, a rotary driven memberadjacent to said surface and provided with a clutch-face, a rotarydriving brake and clutch mechanism loosely mounted with respect to saiddriven member to drive, brake and permit the independent forwardrotation thereof and comprising a rotary driving member,end-thrust-receiving means, a cooperating laterally-movablebrake-surface, a laterally-movable clutch-surface coperating with saidclutch-face of the driven member, said surfaces of said mechanism beingloosely mounted with respect to each other, and to actuating devicescontrolled by the forward and reverse rotation and the stopping of saiddriving member, and controlling the application and release of endthrust on said clutch and brake surfaces, substantially as described.

14. In combination, a frame, a brake-surface secured thereto, a rotarydriven member adjacent to said surface, a rotary driving member looselymounted with respect to the driven member, a clutch mechanism betweenthe driving and driven member provided with actuating mechanismcontrolled by the forward rotation and stopping of said driving memberto lock the driving member to and release it from the driven member,end-thrustvreceiving means for said driving member, a

laterally movable brake surface loosely mounted with respect to thedriven member and arranged beside said brake-surface of the frame, andactuating devices controlling the lateral movement of said brake-surfaceand actuated by the reverse movement of said driving member,substantially as described.

l5. In combination, a frame, a brake-surface secured thereto, a rotarydriven member having a clutch-surface rigid therewith, a rosurface andcontrolled by the forward rotai tary driving member loosely mounted onthe IOO IIO

driven member, a movable coperatingclutchsurface rotating with thedriving member and forced to said driven-member surface by end thrust,end-thrust-producing shouldered cam devices acting on said cooperatingclutch-su rface and controlled and actuated by the forward rotation ofsaid driving member and thrown out of action by stopping said drivingmember, a cooperating brake-su rface rotating with said driving memberand forced to said frame brake-surface by end thrust, means relievingsaid cooperating brake-surface of end thrust on the forward rotation ofsaid driving member, and end -thrust-producing shouldered cam devicesfor said cooperating brakesurface controlled and actuated by thebackward turning of said driving member and thrown ou t of action by theforward rotation of said driving member, substantially as described.

16. AIn combination, a frame, a brake-surface confined thereto, a rotarydriven member having a clutch-surface fixed thereto, a rotary drivingmember for and loosely mounted with respect to the driven member,end-thrustreceiving means for said driving member, said driving memberprovided with two sets of end-thrust-producing shouldered cams, the camsof one set oppositely inclined to those of the other set, clutch andbrake surfaces rotating with said driving member and coperating withsaid driven member and framesurfaces, respectively, the end thrust onsaid surfaces to apply the clutch or perform the braking action beingcontrolled by said cams on the forward or backward turning of saiddriving member, substantially as described.

17. In combination, aframe, a rotary driven member having aclutch-surface, a plate fixed to the frame and arranged beside saidmember, a rotary driving member loose on the driven member between saidsurface and said plate, means carried by the driven member to limit theend thrust of said driving member, a disk loose on the` driven memberbetween said surface thereof and said driving member and adapted to moveinto and out of locking engagement with said surface, a disk loose outhe driven member between said driving member and said plate and adaptedto move into and out of braking` engagement with said plate, said disksmounted to allow independent end thrust with respect to each other, andend-thrust-producing shouldered cam devices controlling and releasingthe end thrust on said disks, respectively, and located beside andcontrolled by said driving member and actuated by its forward, stoppingor reverse movements, substantially as described. 18. In acoaster-brakewherein the driving member when rotated forwardly is lockedto the hub, and when retarded is released from the hub permitting theindependent forward rotation of the hub and when turned rearwardlyapplies a brake to retard orstop the independent forward rotation of thehub, the combination of a frame, a driven hub having a clutch-face fixedthereto, a plate secured to the frame and loosely receiving the hub, arotary driving member loosely mounted on the hub to permit theindependent forward rotation of the hub, a stop device carried by thehub to limitI the end thrust of the driving member in one direction,said driving member formed with two series of shouldered inclinedcam-faces, the cams of one set inclined oppositely to those of the otherset, a clutch device cooperating with said clutch-face ofthe hub to lockthe driving member to and release itfrorn said hu b and provided withmeans engaging and actuated by the end thrust of one set of said cams,and a brake device cooperating with said plate to brake the independentforward rotation of said hub and provided with means engaging andactuated by the end thrust of the other set of said cams, substantiallyas described.

19. In a back-pedali ng coaster-brake wherein the driving member whenrotated forwardly is locked to the driven member to drive the same, andwhen retarded permits the independent forward rotation of the drivenmember, and when turned rearwardly applies a brake to retard or stop theindependent forward rotation of the driven member, the combination of arotary driven member, a rotary driving member loosely mounted withrespect to the driven member, a laterallyapplied clutch mechanismbetween the driven member and the driving member controlled and appliedby the forward rotation of and released by retarding or stopping theforward rotation of the driving member, and a laterally-applied brakemechanism for said driven member comprising a xed and a coperating brakemember and actuating means controlled and applied by the rearwardturning of said driving member, substantially as described.

20. In a back pedaling coasterbrake, wherein theforward rotation of thedriving member locks the same to the driven member, and retarding orstopping the forward rotation of the driving member permits theindependent forward rotation of the driven member, and backward turningof the driving member causes the application of a brake to retard orstop said independent forward rotation of the driven member, thecombination of a rotary driven member, having two abutments fixedthereto, a rotary driving member loosely mounted with respect to thedriven member, a laterally-applied clutch mechanism between the drivingand driven members and controlled by the driving member, and a brakemechanism comprising cooperating brake members, one of which is fixed,and actuating mechanism controlled by said driving member, said membersand mechanisms being arranged on said driven member between saidabutments, substantially as described.

21. In a back-pedaling coaster-brake, the combination of a rotary drivenmember hav- IIO ing two abutments or friction-faces revolving therewith,a rotary driving member loosely mounted with respect to said drivenmember, a laterally-applied clutch mechanism controlled by said drivingmember to lock the driving member to the driven member on the forwardrotation of t-he driving member and to release the driving member andpermit the independent forward rotation thereof on retarding or stoppingthe driving member, and laterally-applied brake mechanismcomprisingactuating devices controlled bythe driving member and appliedby the reverse movement thereof to retard or brake the independentforward rotation of the driven member through the medium of said brakemember, substantially as described.

22. In a back-pedaling coaster-brake, the combination of a rotary drivenmember having oppositely-facing rigid friction-surfaces formingabutments to receive thrust in opposite directions, a rotary drivingmember loosely mounted with respect to the driven member, alaterally-applied clutch mechanism controlled by said driving member tolock the same to the driven member through the medium of and by oppositethrust against said surfaces on the forward rotation of the drivingmember and to release the same and permit independent forward rotationof the driven member on stopping or retarding the driving member,and alaterally-applied brake mechanism controlled by said driving member toretard or brake the independent for-- ward rotation of said drivenmember, on the reverse movement of the driving member, through themedium of said brake member and by thrust in opposite directions againstsaid two surfaces, substantially as described.

23. In aback-pedalingcoaster-brake wherein strain on the hub-bearings bythe forward driving action and by the braking action is avoided, thecombination of a rotary hub and its bearings, said hub provided with afriction-clutch surface and with a brake-surface both carried by thehub, a rotary driving member loosely mounted with respect to the hub, alaterally-applied clutch mechanism controlled by the driving member andarranged to lock the same to the hub on the forward rotation of thedriving member and to release the same and permit the independentforward rotation of the hub when the driving member is retarded or heldstationary, and alaterally-applied brake mechanism comprising anon-rotary brake member and actuating devices controlled by said drivingmember and arranged to brake or retard the independent forward rotationof the hub when the driving member is turned backwardly, substantiallyas described.

2e. In a back-pedaling coasterbrake, the combination of a hub having arigid abutment, an adjustable abutment rigid with the hub, a non-rotarybrake member loosely receiving the hub and arranged to exert thrust onone of said abutments to brake or retard the independent forwardrotation of the hub, a rotary driving member loosely mounted withrespect to the hub and provided with shouldered cams, and mechanismcontrolled thereby to lock the hub to and release it from said drivingmember on the forward rotation and stopping thereof, reversely arrangedshouldered cams controlled by the driving member and mechanismcontrolled by said cams to brake the independent forward rotation of thehub when the driving member is turned rearwardly, and means to relievethe non-rotary brake member of' braking thrust during the forwardrotation and stopping of the driving member, substantially as described.

25. In combination, a hub having a collar fixed thereon and providedwith an abutment, an adjustable abutment on said hub, a rot-ary drivingmember loosely mounted on said collar between said abutments, a non-rotary brake member between said abutments,mech anism to lock thedriving member to the hub on the forward rotation of the driving memberand to release the same from the hub on retardin g the forward rotationof said driving member, means to relieve the brake member of brakingthrust on the forward rotation of the driving member, and mechanismcontrolled thereby for exerting braking thrust on said brake member tobrake the independent forward rotation of the hub when said drivingmember is turned rearwardly, substantially as described.

Signed by me at Utica, New York.

lWILLIAM I-I. BREWSTER.

IVitnesses:

PHEBE A. TANNER, DWIGHT H. CoLnGRovn.

